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The latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS-6) data, 2023-24, archer a analyzable communicative of Indian women — with important gains successful education, integer entree and economical agency, but besides persistent societal constraints including debased spot ownership, being joined earlier the ineligible property of 18 and bearing the load of household planning.
The survey shows that 73.7% of women person attended school, an uptick from 71.8% recorded successful NFHS-5 survey (2019–21), women with implicit 10 years of schooling besides went up from 41% to 46.4%, portion net usage among women has astir doubled from 33.2% to 64.3%.
However, women’s ownership of a location oregon land, either unsocial oregon jointly, has stayed beneath 20% rising from 14% to 18.8%. Deep-rooted sex norms proceed to signifier beingness outcomes. 20.1% of women aged 20-24 years were joined earlier the ineligible property of 18, lone a humble betterment from 23.3% successful the erstwhile survey. Female sterilisation remains the ascendant signifier of household readying astatine 36.5% falling from 37.9 %, raising questions astir the unequal load of reproductive responsibility.
Gender-based violence
According to NFHS-6, India has recorded a notable diminution successful unit against women, peculiarly spousal violence. The survey recovered that 22.3% of ever-married women aged 18-49 reported having experienced physical, sexual, oregon affectional unit by their spouse, down from 29.2% successful NFHS-5 — a diminution of astir 7 percent points.
Additionally, portion States recorded diminution successful unit against women, Kerala saw an summation successful reported spousal unit from 9.8% successful NFHS-5 to 17.7% successful the latest survey. Bihar 36.1%, Telangana 30.8%, Tamil Nadu 28.5%, Uttar Pradesh 28.5% and Andhra Pradesh 22.7%—all clocked supra the nationalist average.
According to NFHS-6, the usage of baccy and intoxicant successful the state has continued to decline, though important sex disparities remain. Among adults aged 15 years and above, 34.6% of men and 7.2% of women usage immoderate signifier of tobacco, compared with 38% of men and 8.9% of women successful NFHS-5. Alcohol depletion remains acold much communal among men than women, with 18.2% of men and 0.7% of women reporting intoxicant use, compared with 19% of men and 1% of women successful NFHS-5.
The survey indicates that baccy and intoxicant usage are mostly higher successful agrarian areas and among socially and economically disadvantaged groups. While the diminution reflects the interaction of nationalist wellness campaigns and tobacco-control measures, the continued prevalence of these hazard factors remains a interest due to the fact that they are intimately linked to non-communicable diseases specified arsenic cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory illness, and liver disorders.
